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A few days ago, we discussed in our blog about inclusive architecture. We define it as architecture that considers the discrimination faced by people with disabilities regarding the spaces around them. It also refers to designing spaces, buildings, or communities whose functionality is accessible to everyone, without any safety risks or additional efforts required. Well, architecture with a gender perspective is also a trending concept, so in this article, we will try to explain what it involves and its relation to inclusive architecture.

What does architecture with a gender perspective mean?

Architecture with a gender perspective is presented as a critical movement that questions traditional models of urban and architectural design, which have historically been built from a neutral or male-centered view, neglecting the experiences, needs, and specific risks faced by women and other vulnerable groups. This movement starts from the premise that spaces are not neutral; on the contrary, they reflect and reproduce existing social inequalities, perpetuating stereotypes and limiting opportunities and safety for certain groups.

According to the definition from Plataforma Arquitectura (2021), the gender perspective in architecture involves “considering how power relations and social assignments of gender roles influence the form, use, and perception of spaces.” In this way, it seeks that urban and architectural design contribute to reducing social gaps and promoting gender equality, creating environments that are safe, accessible, and functional for all inhabitants, without stereotypes or exclusions.

Meanwhile, the article from Orden Urbano (2021) states that this perspective involves “analyzing how built spaces reinforce or challenge gender inequalities,” promoting designs that consider the different experiences and needs of men, women, and other groups in their diverse social and cultural conditions. Incorporating this vision into urban planning and architecture allows addressing issues such as gender-based violence, street insecurity, spatial segregation, and lack of accessibility in public and private spaces.

What is gender and the gender perspective?

Gender is an attribution assigned to sexes in society, where each is given a space or expectations related to their “gender.” Considering that gender conceptions vary across societies, we can talk about “gender roles,” which are the rules and structures that must be followed depending on one’s ‘gender.’

The gender perspective creates a disconnection from the structures assigned to “genders” to establish inclusive environments and spaces at all levels.

Origins of architecture with a gender perspective

The history of architecture and urban planning reveals that for centuries, spaces have been designed from a patriarchal perspective, where functions and distributions favored men at the expense of women and other social groups. Sociological and urban theory research, such as that conducted by Simone de Beauvoir in her work The Second Sex (1949), shows how institutions and spaces have contributed to assigning specific roles and expectations to each gender, shaping an environment that reinforces double burdens and stereotypes related to caregiving and reproduction associated with women.

In the 1970s, feminist and urban movements began questioning these paradigms, proposing a critical view of the built environment. Jane Jacobs, a pioneer in analyzing urban life, was instrumental in pointing out that streets and public spaces affect women and men differently, highlighting that insecurity, poor lighting, and spatial distribution contribute to women’s vulnerability in cities. In her work, Jacobs emphasized the importance of diversity, mobility, and social interaction in urban planning—concepts aligned with the principles of the gender perspective.

Additionally, architect and urban planner Denise Scott Brown, recognized for her work in urban theory and her fight for recognition of women’s contributions in architecture, provided a perspective that challenges segregation and hierarchization of spaces, advocating for more inclusive and participatory design that considers users’ diverse experiences.

Distribution of spaces according to gender

Architecture with a gender perspective

Historically, gender roles in Western society have assigned women a predominantly domestic role, linking their presence in public life with risks and limitations. The division between private and public spheres has been one of the main reasons for women’s invisibility in urban spaces. As Novas Ferradás (2022) notes in her thesis, this spatial segregation has led to certain areas—such as streets, parks, and public transportation—being perceived as unsafe for women, limiting their mobility and social participation.

This context has driven the need to design safe spaces that promote equal opportunities. Incorporating a gender perspective into architectural and urban design aims to break down these barriers, proposing solutions such as better lighting, increased visibility in public spaces, inclusive furniture design, and the creation of support and protection networks.

In residential design, the evolution of housing also reflects this vision. In past decades, kitchens were often isolated and difficult to access, reinforcing stereotypes that caregiving and domestic chores were exclusively women’s responsibilities. However, with the increased participation of women in the workforce, new architectural proposals favor open layouts, integrated kitchens with living rooms, and flexible designs that enable greater mobility and family participation.

Designing without a gender perspective is not limited to private spaces. Cities are also not planned considering the needs and lifestyles of women.

Architectural proposals from the gender movement

Concrete proposals to promote architecture with a gender perspective include, among others, designing safe, accessible, and flexible urban spaces that eliminate stereotypes and encourage active participation from all social groups. It is essential for architects and urban planners to incorporate users’ perspectives, promoting women’s participation in city planning and design.

Some proposed actions include creating safe public spaces through better lighting, visibility, adaptable street furniture, and rest areas. Additionally, planning with universal accessibility criteria—considering different abilities and social conditions—is crucial to prevent segregation and promote social inclusion.

In housing, the gender movement advocates for designs that foster women’s autonomy and protagonism, promoting multifunctional and adaptable spaces that respond to diverse needs and roles. Trends such as shared housing, co-living, and flexible designs exemplify how spaces can adapt to new lifestyles and changes in family structures.

How can the gender perspective influence city design and planning?

The influence of the gender perspective in urban planning is evident in initiatives aimed at creating safe and welcoming cities for everyone. According to data from Plan International, in countries like Spain and Belgium, a high percentage of teenagers and adult women have experienced sexual harassment in public spaces, highlighting the urgent need to rethink urban environments.

Incorporating this approach involves planning streets, parks, transportation, and urban facilities with safety, visibility, and mobility criteria. This includes, for example, implementing efficient public lighting, widening sidewalks, creating safe corridors, and promoting gathering spaces that foster social interaction and protection—especially during nighttime.

Furthermore, the gender perspective also promotes active participation of women in urban decision-making processes, ensuring their voices are heard in the development of plans and projects. Only then can truly inclusive cities be designed—responsive to the real needs of their diverse and evolving populations.

References: Articles consulted:

http://repositori.uji.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10234/109842/TFM_Novas_Ferrad%C3%A1s_Mar%C3%ADa.pdf
https://ordenurbano.com/blog/que-es-la-perspectiva-de-genero-en-arquitectura/
https://www.plataformaarquitectura.cl/cl/tag/arquitectura-y-genero

With this article, we aim for you to read and explore a fundamental topic in the field of architecture and urban design: inclusive architecture, its definition, and the key aspects it is based on. The importance of understanding this concept lies in the growing need to create spaces that are accessible and suitable for all people, regardless of their physical, sensory, or mental abilities.

Architecture is much more than merely constructing buildings; it is a discipline aimed at improving people’s quality of life, promoting equality, social integration, and collective well-being. In this publication, we will delve into what inclusive architecture entails, its main characteristics, and why it has become an essential aspect of contemporary and future architectural design.

Throughout history, architecture has reflected the social, cultural, and technological evolution of civilizations. From ancient structures to modern designs, architectural spaces have served to express values and respond to the needs of the communities that inhabit them. However, traditional designs often did not consider the diverse abilities of individuals, leaving out those with motor, sensory, or cognitive difficulties. Therefore, integrating inclusion principles into architectural design is an essential step to ensure that all individuals can access, use, and enjoy both public and private spaces equitably. Inclusive architecture not only seeks to eliminate physical barriers but also promotes a culture of respect, diversity, and universal rights.

What is inclusive architecture?

Accessible or inclusive architecture is that which considers the discrimination faced by people with disabilities regarding the spaces around them. Therefore, inclusive architecture is responsible for designing spaces, buildings, or communities whose functionality is accessible to anyone, with no safety risks or additional efforts required. Its goal is to ensure that any person can access a space or building and make full use of it.

Accessible or inclusive architecture refers to the discipline focused on designing spaces, buildings, and communities that are fully functional, safe, and comfortable for all people, regardless of their physical or sensory abilities. This approach takes into account the discrimination faced by people with disabilities, whether due to a lack of appropriate infrastructure or designs that do not consider their specific needs. Inclusive architecture aims to eliminate architectural obstacles and promote equal conditions so that anyone can move around, access, and utilize spaces without facing risks or excessive efforts.

This type of architecture is concerned with creating environments accessible to people in wheelchairs, with visual or auditory impairments, with limited mobility, or even for those who might experience temporary mobility changes, such as the elderly or individuals recovering from injuries. The functionality of these spaces is designed so that any user, regardless of their condition, can perform their activities autonomously and safely. Inclusion in architecture also involves adapting furniture, signage, communication systems, and other elements that facilitate interaction with the built environment.

Why is inclusive architecture necessary?

It is crucial to understand that the need to incorporate inclusive architecture principles arises from statistical and social data. For example, in Spain, approximately 2,813,592 people have a legal recognition of disability, representing about 6% of the country’s total population. Additionally, figures indicate that since 2011, the population with disabilities has increased by 10%, evidencing a growing trend that demands concrete responses in urban planning and architecture. However, many cities and traditional constructions are not designed considering these needs, limiting the full participation of these individuals in social, cultural, and economic life.

Incorporating inclusive architecture principles benefits not only people with disabilities but also positively impacts society as a whole. Improving accessibility in buildings, streets, transportation, and public spaces enhances the autonomy and independence of people with reduced mobility, facilitating their integration into various areas such as education, work, recreation, and community life. Moreover, accessibility also helps caregivers, family members, and friends to support people with disabilities more effectively, promoting a more supportive and cohesive community.

On the other hand, we must remember that everyone ages or faces health conditions that can affect mobility or sensory perception at some point in life. Inclusive architecture, therefore, is a strategy that not only responds to current needs but also prevents future limitations, ensuring that people can actively participate in society at different stages of their lives. Full social inclusion and equal opportunities largely depend on how we design and adapt our urban and architectural spaces.

Characteristics of accessible or inclusive architecture

Smooth flooring: It is important that floors are non-slip and free of obstacles that could cause falls or accidents, thus enhancing safety and facilitating movement for people with limited mobility or in wheelchairs.
Installation of accessories: Incorporating ramps, support handrails, mobile platforms, elevators, and other accessible elements are essential to ensure spaces can be used by people with different abilities. These accessories should be strategically placed and easy to use.
Spacious areas in all rooms: Environments should have enough space for people to move comfortably, especially those using wheelchairs, crutches, or walkers. This also facilitates the circulation of people with limited mobility and prevents dangerous overcrowding.
Use of materials, textures, and colors: Signage and visual elements are fundamental for people with visual impairments. Using different textures on the pavement, contrasting colors, and tactile signage aids in orientation and perception of the space independently and safely.
Integration of inclusive languages: Incorporating alternative communication systems, such as Braille in elevators or sign language interpretation in public spaces, is vital to ensure communicative and cognitive accessibility.

How should it be integrated?

Integrating inclusive architecture requires a deep recognition of human diversity and the differences among individuals. It is essential to understand that each person has different abilities, and thus, design must respond to those variations to promote equity. This means that architects, urban planners, and designers must work in the planning, programming, and implementation of projects, considering the needs of users with motor, sensory, cognitive, or physical differences.

The concept of inclusion in architecture is not limited solely to physical accessibility but also encompasses social and cultural aspects. For example, designing spaces that are welcoming for people with mental disabilities, respecting cultural diversity, and encouraging active participation of all social actors. Inclusive architecture is based on principles of equity, social justice, and respect for human rights, helping to reduce discrimination and foster more just and cohesive communities.

Practically, this means that buildings and public spaces should be planned from their initial conception with universal design criteria, so they can be used by anyone without requiring additional or costly adaptations in the future. Inclusion is also reflected in material choices, space distribution, signage, technological systems, and design policies that consider different abilities.

Improving the quality of life for people with disabilities or reduced mobility is a social and ethical commitment that requires responsibility and sensitivity from all involved in the design and construction of urban and architectural environments. Accessibility and inclusion should be priorities in every project, as they represent a firm step toward a more just, equitable, and respectful society for human diversity. Inclusive architecture not only transforms physical spaces but also helps build a world where everyone has the opportunity to participate fully in social and cultural life, without barriers or obstacles that limit their development and well-being.

Arquifach: Studio of Architects Costa Blanca

Arquifach is an architecture studio operating throughout Costa Blanca, specifically in Calpe, Altea, Benissa, Teulada, and Moraira. With over 50 years of experience in construction, architecture, and urban planning, it has a specialized team in various fields of architectural design, construction, planning, pathology reports, valuations, and general consulting. It offers these services with the utmost seriousness and professionalism, supported by a team always available to the client to develop work that fully satisfies them, carrying out responsible and accessible architecture. If you are thinking of building a custom home, contact Arquifach.