A few days ago, we discussed in our blog about inclusive architecture. We define it as architecture that considers the discrimination faced by people with disabilities regarding the spaces around them. It also refers to designing spaces, buildings, or communities whose functionality is accessible to everyone, without any safety risks or additional efforts required. Well, architecture with a gender perspective is also a trending concept, so in this article, we will try to explain what it involves and its relation to inclusive architecture.
What does architecture with a gender perspective mean?
Architecture with a gender perspective is presented as a critical movement that questions traditional models of urban and architectural design, which have historically been built from a neutral or male-centered view, neglecting the experiences, needs, and specific risks faced by women and other vulnerable groups. This movement starts from the premise that spaces are not neutral; on the contrary, they reflect and reproduce existing social inequalities, perpetuating stereotypes and limiting opportunities and safety for certain groups.
According to the definition from Plataforma Arquitectura (2021), the gender perspective in architecture involves “considering how power relations and social assignments of gender roles influence the form, use, and perception of spaces.” In this way, it seeks that urban and architectural design contribute to reducing social gaps and promoting gender equality, creating environments that are safe, accessible, and functional for all inhabitants, without stereotypes or exclusions.
Meanwhile, the article from Orden Urbano (2021) states that this perspective involves “analyzing how built spaces reinforce or challenge gender inequalities,” promoting designs that consider the different experiences and needs of men, women, and other groups in their diverse social and cultural conditions. Incorporating this vision into urban planning and architecture allows addressing issues such as gender-based violence, street insecurity, spatial segregation, and lack of accessibility in public and private spaces.
What is gender and the gender perspective?
Gender is an attribution assigned to sexes in society, where each is given a space or expectations related to their “gender.” Considering that gender conceptions vary across societies, we can talk about “gender roles,” which are the rules and structures that must be followed depending on one’s ‘gender.’
The gender perspective creates a disconnection from the structures assigned to “genders” to establish inclusive environments and spaces at all levels.
Origins of architecture with a gender perspective
The history of architecture and urban planning reveals that for centuries, spaces have been designed from a patriarchal perspective, where functions and distributions favored men at the expense of women and other social groups. Sociological and urban theory research, such as that conducted by Simone de Beauvoir in her work The Second Sex (1949), shows how institutions and spaces have contributed to assigning specific roles and expectations to each gender, shaping an environment that reinforces double burdens and stereotypes related to caregiving and reproduction associated with women.
In the 1970s, feminist and urban movements began questioning these paradigms, proposing a critical view of the built environment. Jane Jacobs, a pioneer in analyzing urban life, was instrumental in pointing out that streets and public spaces affect women and men differently, highlighting that insecurity, poor lighting, and spatial distribution contribute to women’s vulnerability in cities. In her work, Jacobs emphasized the importance of diversity, mobility, and social interaction in urban planning—concepts aligned with the principles of the gender perspective.
Additionally, architect and urban planner Denise Scott Brown, recognized for her work in urban theory and her fight for recognition of women’s contributions in architecture, provided a perspective that challenges segregation and hierarchization of spaces, advocating for more inclusive and participatory design that considers users’ diverse experiences.
Distribution of spaces according to gender
Architecture with a gender perspective
Historically, gender roles in Western society have assigned women a predominantly domestic role, linking their presence in public life with risks and limitations. The division between private and public spheres has been one of the main reasons for women’s invisibility in urban spaces. As Novas Ferradás (2022) notes in her thesis, this spatial segregation has led to certain areas—such as streets, parks, and public transportation—being perceived as unsafe for women, limiting their mobility and social participation.
This context has driven the need to design safe spaces that promote equal opportunities. Incorporating a gender perspective into architectural and urban design aims to break down these barriers, proposing solutions such as better lighting, increased visibility in public spaces, inclusive furniture design, and the creation of support and protection networks.
In residential design, the evolution of housing also reflects this vision. In past decades, kitchens were often isolated and difficult to access, reinforcing stereotypes that caregiving and domestic chores were exclusively women’s responsibilities. However, with the increased participation of women in the workforce, new architectural proposals favor open layouts, integrated kitchens with living rooms, and flexible designs that enable greater mobility and family participation.
Designing without a gender perspective is not limited to private spaces. Cities are also not planned considering the needs and lifestyles of women.
Architectural proposals from the gender movement
Concrete proposals to promote architecture with a gender perspective include, among others, designing safe, accessible, and flexible urban spaces that eliminate stereotypes and encourage active participation from all social groups. It is essential for architects and urban planners to incorporate users’ perspectives, promoting women’s participation in city planning and design.
Some proposed actions include creating safe public spaces through better lighting, visibility, adaptable street furniture, and rest areas. Additionally, planning with universal accessibility criteria—considering different abilities and social conditions—is crucial to prevent segregation and promote social inclusion.
In housing, the gender movement advocates for designs that foster women’s autonomy and protagonism, promoting multifunctional and adaptable spaces that respond to diverse needs and roles. Trends such as shared housing, co-living, and flexible designs exemplify how spaces can adapt to new lifestyles and changes in family structures.
How can the gender perspective influence city design and planning?
The influence of the gender perspective in urban planning is evident in initiatives aimed at creating safe and welcoming cities for everyone. According to data from Plan International, in countries like Spain and Belgium, a high percentage of teenagers and adult women have experienced sexual harassment in public spaces, highlighting the urgent need to rethink urban environments.
Incorporating this approach involves planning streets, parks, transportation, and urban facilities with safety, visibility, and mobility criteria. This includes, for example, implementing efficient public lighting, widening sidewalks, creating safe corridors, and promoting gathering spaces that foster social interaction and protection—especially during nighttime.
Furthermore, the gender perspective also promotes active participation of women in urban decision-making processes, ensuring their voices are heard in the development of plans and projects. Only then can truly inclusive cities be designed—responsive to the real needs of their diverse and evolving populations.
References: Articles consulted:
http://repositori.uji.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10234/109842/TFM_Novas_Ferrad%C3%A1s_Mar%C3%ADa.pdf
https://ordenurbano.com/blog/que-es-la-perspectiva-de-genero-en-arquitectura/
https://www.plataformaarquitectura.cl/cl/tag/arquitectura-y-genero
